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Saint John of Kronstadt ((ロシア語:Иоанн Кронштадтский)) (19 October 1829, Sura, Arkhangelsk–20 December 1908, Kronstadt) was a Russian Orthodox Christian presbyter and a member of the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was a striking, unconventional personality, deeply pious and immensely energetic. He was one of the most internationally famous and beloved Orthodox Christian leaders of his time. ==Biography== He was born as Ivan Ilyich Sergiyev ((ロシア語:Иван Ильич Сергиев)) on 19 October 1829 at Sura, near the White Sea, in Russia. From 1855 he worked as a priest in Saint Andrew's Cathedral, Kronstadt, the naval base on the outskirts of St Petersburg. Here he committed himself to charity, especially to those who were remote from the Church, and travelled extensively throughout the Russian empire. He was a member of the conservative Union of the Russian People, but did not commit himself politically. In the early 1890s Father John became well known, and people from all over Russia came to him every day in thousands.〔''I. K. Surskiy''. (Father John of Kronstand (in Russian) )〕 Even the dying Tsar Alexander III, in 1894, summoned him to Livadia Palace so he could be given communion by John.〔John Perry & Constantine Pleshakov ''The Flight of the Romanovs: a Family Saga'' (Basic Books, 1999) pg. 62〕 The bishops treated him with high respect.〔''Saint John of Kronstadt''. Beginnings of faith. Начала веры, М., 2009. ISBN 978-5-91362-208-2. 〕 He was already greatly venerated at the time he died, on 20 December 1908. In 1909 Nicholas II wrote an order 〔«Церковный вестник», 1909, № 4 (22 января), стб. 97.〕 to establish commemoration of St John in the Church. Following it the Holy Synod issued an edict to commemorate Father John annually at the day of his death. He was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1964, and by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1990. Archbishop John Maximovitch of Shanghai and San Francisco (later glorified as a Saint, as well) played an active role in preparation of St. John's canonization.〔''Blessed John the Wonderworker: A Preliminary Account of the Life and Miracles of Archbishop John Maximovitch''. Platina: St. Herman of Alaska Brotherhood, 1987.(ISBN 0938635018)〕 His life and work are commemorated on the feast days of 20 December〔Great Synaxaristes: ''(Ὁ Ἅγιος Ἰωάννης τῆς Κρονστάνδης (Ρῶσος) ).'' 20 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.〕〔''(December 20/January 2 ).'' Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).〕 and October 19.〔''(October 19/November 1 ).'' Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).〕 Many churches around the world and Ioannovsky Convent, the second largest monastic community in St Petersburg are dedicated to John of Kronstadt. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John of Kronstadt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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